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		<doi>10.1175/2007JCLI1600.1</doi>
		<issn>0894-8755</issn>
		<citationkey>MarengoNTOOOCAB:2008:DrAm20</citationkey>
		<title>The drought of Amazonia in 2005</title>
		<project>FAPESP (01/13816-1)</project>
		<year>2008</year>
		<secondarydate>200802</secondarydate>
		<month>Feb.</month>
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		<author>Marengo, José Antonio,</author>
		<author>Nobre, Carlos Afonso,</author>
		<author>Tomasella, Javier,</author>
		<author>Oyama, Marcos D.,</author>
		<author>Oliveira, Gilvan Sampaio de,</author>
		<author>Oliveira, Rafael de,</author>
		<author>Camargo, Helio,</author>
		<author>Alves, Lincoln Muniz,</author>
		<author>Brown, I. Foster.,</author>
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		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>jose.marengo@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
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		<journal>Journal of Climate</journal>
		<volume>21</volume>
		<number>3</number>
		<pages>495-516</pages>
		<progress>ePrint update</progress>
		<secondarymark>A_CIÊNCIAS_AGRÁRIAS A_ENGENHARIAS_I A_GEOCIÊNCIAS A_INTERDISCIPLINAR A_QUÍMICA</secondarymark>
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		<keywords>Amazonia, climate change, global change, carbon, deforestation, emission, neotropics, biodiversity.</keywords>
		<abstract>In 2005, large sections of southwestern Amazonia experienced one of the most intense droughts of the last hundred years. The drought severely affected human population along the main channel of the Amazon River and its western and southwestern tributaries, the Solimões (also known as Amazon River in the other Amazon countries) and the Madeira Rivers, respectively. The river levels fell to historic low levels and navigation along these rivers had to be suspended. The drought did not affect central or eastern Amazonia, a pattern different from the El Niño-related droughts in 1926, 1983 and 1998. The choice of rainfall data used influenced the detection of the drought. While most data sets (station or gridded data) showed negative departures from mean rainfall, one data set exhibited above the normal rainfall in western Amazonia. The causes of the drought were not related to El Niño but to (a) the anomalously warm tropical North Atlantic, (b) the reduced intensity in northeast trade wind moisture transport into southern Amazonia during the peak summertime season, and (c) the weakened upward motion over this section of Amazonia, resulting in reduced convective development and rainfall. The drought conditions were intensified during the dry season into September 2005 when humidity was lower than normal and air temperatures 3-5 oC warmer than normal. Due to the extended dry season in the region, forest fires affected part of southwestern Amazonia. Rains returned in October 2005 and generated flooding after February 2006.</abstract>
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		<language>en</language>
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